Références
[1] FMP company profile
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/profile/GOOGL?symbol=GOOGL
[2] Yahoo Finance quote for GOOGL
Yahoo · api · 2026-11-03
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/GOOGL
[3] EDGAR 10-K Item 7
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Item 7
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204426000018/goog-20251231.htm#i6be430fe3ebf411481dcec8b0abe9149_79
ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Please read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with “Note about Forward-Looking Statements,” Part I, Item 1 "Business," Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors," and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following section generally discusses 2025 results compared to 2024 results. Discussion of 2024 results compared to 2023 results to the extent not included in this r…
[4] Extracted web text
Web · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/09/openai-to-release-web-browser-in-challenge-to-google-chrome.html
[5] Extracted web text
Web · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.demandsage.com/android-statistics/
How Many Android Users in the World? (2026 Data) Skip to content About Team Contact Us Data Statistics Latest Digital Marketing Menu Toggle SEO eCommerce Social Media Data Statistics Menu Toggle ChatGPT Statistics SaaS Statistics Spotify Statistics Twitter “X” Statistics Artificial Intelligence Menu Toggle AI Statistics AI Image Generators AI Writers Podcasts Menu Toggle Podcast Statistics Start a Podcast Latest Menu Toggle Reviews Guide Coupon AI Writing Main Menu Digital Marketing Menu Toggle SEO eCommerce Social Media Data Statistics Menu Toggle ChatGPT Statistics SaaS Statistics Spotify S…
[6] Extracted web text
Web · web · 2026-11-03
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/microsoft-is-bringing-chatgpt-powered-bing-to-your-smartphone-challenging-google-203343060.html
Microsoft is bringing ChatGPT-powered Bing to your smartphone, challenging Google Oops, something went wrong Skip to navigation Skip to main content Skip to right column Home News Finance Sports More News US Politics World Tech Science Originals 2026 Elections Weather Newsletters Finance My portfolio News Markets Research Community Personal finance Videos Sports Fantasy Football 2026 NFL College football NBA MLB NHL College basketball Soccer Fantasy Sports Betting NFL Odds Yahoo Sports AM Shopping The best Black Friday deals Style Beauty Health Home and garden Tech Gift ideas Stores Shopping …
[7] FMP fmp_income_statement
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/income-statement/GOOGL?period=annual&limit=5
[8] FMP fmp_cash_flow_statement
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/cash-flow-statement/GOOGL?period=annual&limit=5
[9] FMP fmp_key_metrics
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/key-metrics/GOOGL?period=annual&limit=5
[10] Python calc
Calcul · calculation · 2026-11-03
calculation://calc_python
Calcul : rev_2023=307.394
rev_2025=402.836
cagr=(rev_2025/rev_2023)**(1/2)-1
opm_2025=129.039/402.836
fcf_2025=73.266
fcf_2024=72.764
fcf_2023=69.495
fcf_stability=(max(fcf_2023,fcf_2024,fcf_2025)-min(fcf_2023,fcf_2024,fcf_2025))/((fcf_2023+fcf_2024+fcf_2025)/3)
(cagr, opm_2025, fcf_stability) — {"code": "rev_2023=307.394\nrev_2025=402.836\ncagr=(rev_2025/rev_2023)**(1/2)-1\nopm_2025=129.039/402.836\nfcf_2025=73.266\nfcf_2024=72.764\nfcf_2023=69.495\nfcf_stability=(max(fcf_2023,fcf_2024,fcf_2025)-min(fcf_2023,fcf_2024,fcf_2025))/((fcf_2023+fcf_2024+fcf_2025)/3)\n(cagr, opm_2025, fcf_stability)"}
[11] FMP fmp_balance_sheet
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/balance-sheet-statement/GOOGL?period=annual&limit=5
[12] FMP fmp_ratios
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/ratios/GOOGL?period=annual&limit=5
[13] EDGAR 10-K Item 8
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Item 8
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204426000018/goog-20251231.htm#i6be430fe3ebf411481dcec8b0abe9149_193
ITEM 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Alphabet Inc.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | Page |
| --- | --- |
| Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42 ) | 45 |
| Financial Statements: | |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | 48 |
| Consolidated Statements of Income | 49 |
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 50 |
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 51 |
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 52 |
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 53 |
44.
| Table of Contents | Alphabet Inc. |
| --- | --- |
RE…
[14] EDGAR 10-K Item 1
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Item 1
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204426000018/goog-20251231.htm#i6be430fe3ebf411481dcec8b0abe9149_2121
ng expenses.
Cash Used in Investing Activities
Cash provided by investing activities consists primarily of maturities and sales of investments in marketable and non-marketable securities. Cash used in investing activities consists primarily of purchases of marketable and non-marketable securities, purchases of property and equipment, and payments for acquisitions.
Net cash used in investing activities increased from 2024 to 2025, primarily due to an increase in purchases of property and equipment, driven by investments in technical infrastructure, and a decrease in maturities and sales of …
[15] EDGAR 10-K Item 1A
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Item 1A
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204426000018/goog-20251231.htm#i6be430fe3ebf411481dcec8b0abe9149_100
1 billion, primarily related to unrealized gains on our non-marketable equity securities.
•Other Bets operating loss of $7.5 billion for the year ended December 31, 2025 included a $2.1 billion employee compensation charge recognized in the fourth quarter for Waymo, primarily reflected in research and development expenses, based on estimated stock valuation. In February 2026, Waymo announced an investment round of $16.0 billion, the significant majority of which was funded by Alphabet.
•Changes to U.S. tax law enacted on July 4, 2025, allow, among other things, for immediate expensing of do…
[16] EDGAR 10-K Item 1
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Item 1
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204426000018/goog-20251231.htm#i6be430fe3ebf411481dcec8b0abe9149_181
ated and are not readily determinable.
We may experience increases in the costs associated with our purchase commitments and other contractual obligations as a result of ongoing developments surrounding international trade. For details on risks related to our manufacturing and supply chain and other risks, refer to Part 1, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Pending Acquisitions
In March 2025, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Wiz, Inc. ("Wiz"), a leading cloud security platform, for $32.0 billion, subject to closing adjustments, in an all-cash trans…
[17] Alphabet Investor Relations - 2025 Q4 Earnings Call
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2026/2025-Q4-Earnings-Call-2026-Dr_C033hS6/default.aspx
Alphabet Investor Relations - 2025 Q4 Earnings Call
https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2026/2025-Q4-Earnings-Call-2026-Dr_C033hS6/default.aspx
CapEx was $27.9 billion for the fourth quarter, and $91.4 billion for the full year, in line with our expectation. The vast majority of our CapEx was invested in technical infrastructure, with approximately 60% of that investment in servers and 40% in data centers and networking equipment.
In Q4, we returned capital to shareholders through $5.5 billion of share repurchase and $2.5 billion of dividend payments. [...] Hi, everyone. Thanks for…
[18] Alphabet 2026 Q3 Earnings Call
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9mmCagxJTo
[19] Alphabet Inc. (GOOG) Q1 FY2026 earnings call transcript
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/GOOG/earnings/GOOG-Q1-2026-earnings_call-551989.html
[20] Document
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204426000043/googexhibit991q12026.htm
[21] Alphabet Q2 2026: The $707 Billion Footnote - Steady Compounding
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://steadycompounding.com/investing/alphabet-q2-2026
[22] Python calc
Calcul · calculation · 2026-11-03
calculation://calc_python
Calcul : roic_2024 = 0.258
roic_2025 = 0.218
change_pp = (roic_2025 - roic_2024) * 100
change_pp
[23] EDGAR 10-K Item 15
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Item 15
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204426000018/goog-20251231.htm#i6be430fe3ebf411481dcec8b0abe9149_340
ITEM 15.EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
We have filed the following documents as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
1. Consolidated Financial Statements
| Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 45 |
| --- | --- |
| Financial Statements: | |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | 48 |
| Consolidated Statements of Income | 49 |
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 50 |
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 51 |
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 52 |
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 53 |
2. Financial Statement Sche…
[24] EDGAR 10-K Item 8
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Item 8
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204426000018/goog-20251231.htm#f-837
$ | 0 | |
| Net investment hedges | $ | 6,986 | | | $ | 14,203 | |
| Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: | | | | | | | |
| Foreign exchange contracts | $ | 44,227 | | | $ | 56,085 | |
| Credit derivatives (1) | $ | 0 | | | $ | 16,940 | |
| Other contracts | $ | 15,082 | | | $ | 15,900 | |
(1) Notional amounts for credit derivatives are the backstop obligations related to certain third-party data center leases and represent the maximum potential amount of future payments that could be required in the event of certain default scenarios over remaining agreement periods of up t…
[25] EDGAR 10-K Item 8 (FY 2024)
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Item 8 (FY 2024)
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204425000014/goog-20241231.htm#f-579
| | 18,320 | | | 6 | | | 20,418 | | | 6 | | | | |
| Hedging gains (losses) | 1,960 | | | 1 | | | 236 | | | 0 | | | 211 | | | 0 | | | | |
| Total revenues | $ | 282,836 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 307,394 | | | 100 | % | | $ | 350,018 | | | 100 | % |
(1) Regions represent Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA); Asia-Pacific (APAC); and Canada and Latin America ("Other Americas").
Revenue Backlog
As of December 31, 2024, we had $93.2 billion of remaining performance obligations (“revenue backlog”), primarily related to Google Cloud. Revenue backlog represents commitments in customer contrac…
[26] EDGAR DEF 14A Corporate Governance Corporate Governance
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Corporate Governance Corporate Governance
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000342/goog-20260424.htm#i-59
ad range of topics that we believe are of interest to many of our shareholders.
Executive Compensation Highlights
We design our executive officer compensation programs to attract and retain the world’s best talent, support Alphabet’s culture of innovation and performance, and align employee and shareholder interests.
| | Sound Program Design | | | Pay for Performance | | | Best Practices in Executive Compensation | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | • Competitive total pay opportunity to attract, retain, and motivate leaders • Primarily equity-based compensation …
[27] EDGAR DEF 14A Certain Relationships Certain Relationships
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Certain Relationships Certain Relationships
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000342/goog-20260424.htm#i1360995bc0a74c189010a3c64d81724f_25
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions | 38 | |
| | | | Related Party Transactions Policy and Procedure | 38 | |
| | | | Related Party Transactions | 39 | |
| 2 | | Director and Executive Compensation | |
[28] FMP fmp_income_statement
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/income-statement/GOOGL?period=annual&limit=10
[29] Python calc
Calcul · calculation · 2026-11-03
calculation://calc_python
Calcul : start_rev=90272000000
end_rev=402836000000
years=2025-2016
cagr=(end_rev/start_rev)**(1/years)-1
cagr — {"code": "start_rev=90272000000\nend_rev=402836000000\nyears=2025-2016\ncagr=(end_rev/start_rev)**(1/years)-1\ncagr"}
[30] FMP fmp_key_metrics
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/key-metrics/GOOGL?period=annual&limit=10
[31] FMP fmp_ratios
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/ratios/GOOGL?period=annual&limit=10
[32] Python calc
Calcul · calculation · 2026-11-03
calculation://calc_python
Calcul : roe_2023=0.2604109691
roe_2024=0.3079757847
roe_2025=0.3182786895
roic_2023=0.2244156301
roic_2024=0.2579896041
roic_2025=0.2180189789
asset_2022=0.7743330851
asset_2023=0.7639167777
asset_2024=0.7773755375
asset_2025=0.6767157023
{
"roe_yoy_23_24": roe_2024-roe_2023,
"roe_yoy_24_25": roe_2025-roe_2024,
"roic_yoy_23_24": roic_2024-roic_2023,
"roic_yoy_24_25": roic_2025-roic_2024,
"asset_turnover": [asset_2022,asset_2023,asset_2024,asset_2025]
} — {"code": "roe_2023=0.2604109691\nroe_2024=0.3079757847\nroe_2025=0.3182786895\nroic_2023=0.2244156301\nroic_2024=0.2579896041\nroic_2025=0.2180189789\nasset_2022=0.7743330851\nasset_2023=0.7639167777\nasset_2024=0.7773755375\nasset_2025=0.6767157023\n{\n \"roe_yoy_23_24\": roe_2024-roe_2023,\n \"roe_yoy_24_25\": roe_2025-roe_2024,\n \"roic_yoy_23_24\": roic_2024-roic_2023,\n \"roic_yoy_24_25\": roic_2025-roic_2024,\n \"asset_turnover\": [asset_2022,asset_2023,asset_2024,asset_2025]\n}"}
[33] FMP fmp_balance_sheet
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/balance-sheet-statement/GOOGL?period=annual&limit=10
[34] Alphabet Org Chart: Google and Other Bets Leadership
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://creately.com/org-chart/fortune-500/alphabet
Alphabet Org Chart: Google and Other Bets Leadership
https://creately.com/org-chart/fortune-500/alphabet
Sundar Pichai - CEO since 2019
Anat Ashkenazi - CFO since 2024
Ruth Porat - President & CIO since 2023
Philipp Schindler - CBO since 2015
Kent Walker - CLO since 2017
FY2024
DEF 14A filed 2025-04-25
CEO
: Sundar Pichai
CEO span
: 6
C-suite
: 5
Avg tenure
: 6.1 yr
Transition year ahead of new CFO appointment.
Named executive officers (4) [...] SVP cash bonus program discontinued beginning in 2025.
Source
## Leadership Timeline
Year-over-year executive structure base…
[35] ALPHABET INC. - DEF14A
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817925000511/goog012701-def14a.htm
Alphabet Org Chart: Google and Other Bets Leadership
https://creately.com/org-chart/fortune-500/alphabet
Sundar Pichai - CEO since 2019
Anat Ashkenazi - CFO since 2024
Ruth Porat - President & CIO since 2023
Philipp Schindler - CBO since 2015
Kent Walker - CLO since 2017
FY2024
DEF 14A filed 2025-04-25
CEO
: Sundar Pichai
CEO span
: 6
C-suite
: 5
Avg tenure
: 6.1 yr
Transition year ahead of new CFO appointment.
Named executive officers (4) [...] SVP cash bonus program discontinued beginning in 2025.
Source
## Leadership Timeline
Year-over-year executive structure base…
[36] Alphabet
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://s206.q4cdn.com/479360582/files/doc_downloads/2026/GOOG_PXY_2026_WO27_WKV_WR-IR.pdf
Alphabet Inc.
https://www.stifel.com/prospectusfiles/PD_9307.pdf
Our Class B Common Stock has 10 votes per share, our Class A Common Stock has one vote per share and our Class C Capital Stock has no voting rights. As of April 6, 2026, Larry Page and Sergey Brin beneficially owned approximately 89.4% of our outstanding Class B Common Stock, which represented approximately 52.7% of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. Through their stock ownership, Larry and Sergey have S-11 6/4/26, 12:09 PM 424B5 19/77 Table of Contents significant influence [...] which represented approximately …
[37] Alphabet : 2026 Proxy Statement | Finnhub
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://finnhub.io/api/news?id=dfb09ad1bc5ff79f26a1f5504ee3d6551be4ae1c4630d2319334e3c1ccb9cc53
Alphabet Org Chart: Google and Other Bets Leadership
https://creately.com/org-chart/fortune-500/alphabet
Sundar Pichai - CEO since 2019
Anat Ashkenazi - CFO since 2024
Ruth Porat - President & CIO since 2023
Philipp Schindler - CBO since 2015
Kent Walker - CLO since 2017
FY2024
DEF 14A filed 2025-04-25
CEO
: Sundar Pichai
CEO span
: 6
C-suite
: 5
Avg tenure
: 6.1 yr
Transition year ahead of new CFO appointment.
Named executive officers (4) [...] SVP cash bonus program discontinued beginning in 2025.
Source
## Leadership Timeline
Year-over-year executive structure base…
[38] Alphabet Inc. | Alpha Profiles
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://registry.alpha.ac/companies/alphabet-inc
Alphabet Org Chart: Google and Other Bets Leadership
https://creately.com/org-chart/fortune-500/alphabet
Sundar Pichai - CEO since 2019
Anat Ashkenazi - CFO since 2024
Ruth Porat - President & CIO since 2023
Philipp Schindler - CBO since 2015
Kent Walker - CLO since 2017
FY2024
DEF 14A filed 2025-04-25
CEO
: Sundar Pichai
CEO span
: 6
C-suite
: 5
Avg tenure
: 6.1 yr
Transition year ahead of new CFO appointment.
Named executive officers (4) [...] SVP cash bonus program discontinued beginning in 2025.
Source
## Leadership Timeline
Year-over-year executive structure base…
[39] Anat Ashkenazi - Wikipedia
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anat_Ashkenazi
Anat Ashkenazi | Fortune
https://fortune.com/ranking/most-powerful-women/2026/anat-ashkenazi
Anat Ashkenazi arrived at Alphabet in July 2024 with one of the most compelling CFO track records in corporate America. During her three-year tenure as finance chief at Eli Lilly, the company’s market cap soared as it rode the GLP-1 drug wave to become one of the world’s most valuable pharmaceutical companies. She stepped into the role at Alphabet at a pivotal moment. As CFO and senior vice president, she is now overseeing one of the most aggressive capital deployment programs in tech history,
Anat A…
[40] Alphabet taps Eli Lilly's Anat Ashkenazi as new CFO
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/05/alphabet-taps-eli-lillys-anat-ashkenazi-as-new-cfo.html
Anat Ashkenazi | Fortune
https://fortune.com/ranking/most-powerful-women/2026/anat-ashkenazi
Anat Ashkenazi arrived at Alphabet in July 2024 with one of the most compelling CFO track records in corporate America. During her three-year tenure as finance chief at Eli Lilly, the company’s market cap soared as it rode the GLP-1 drug wave to become one of the world’s most valuable pharmaceutical companies. She stepped into the role at Alphabet at a pivotal moment. As CFO and senior vice president, she is now overseeing one of the most aggressive capital deployment programs in tech history,
Anat A…
[41] EX-99.1
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000119312524154725/d837191dex991.htm
Anat Ashkenazi | Fortune
https://fortune.com/ranking/most-powerful-women/2026/anat-ashkenazi
Anat Ashkenazi arrived at Alphabet in July 2024 with one of the most compelling CFO track records in corporate America. During her three-year tenure as finance chief at Eli Lilly, the company’s market cap soared as it rode the GLP-1 drug wave to become one of the world’s most valuable pharmaceutical companies. She stepped into the role at Alphabet at a pivotal moment. As CFO and senior vice president, she is now overseeing one of the most aggressive capital deployment programs in tech history,
Anat A…
[42] Anat Ashkenazi | The MIT Sloan CFO Summit
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://mitcfo.com/speakers/anat-ashkenazi
Anat Ashkenazi - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anat_Ashkenazi
Anat Ashkenazi (Hebrew: ענת אשכנזי) is an Israeli-American business executive and is current chief financial officer of Alphabet Inc. and its subsidiary Google. She had previously worked at Eli Lilly and Company since 2001, finishing as CFO there. Lilly's market cap tripled during her three year tenure as CFO. In 2025, Ashkenazi was ranked 51 on a list of most powerful women by Fortune "Fortune (magazine)").
## Early life and career
[edit] [...] Ashkenazi spent 23 years in Eli Lilly in finance positions for several depa…
[43] Anat Ashkenazi | Fortune
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://fortune.com/ranking/most-powerful-women/2026/anat-ashkenazi
Anat Ashkenazi | Fortune
https://fortune.com/ranking/most-powerful-women/2026/anat-ashkenazi
Anat Ashkenazi arrived at Alphabet in July 2024 with one of the most compelling CFO track records in corporate America. During her three-year tenure as finance chief at Eli Lilly, the company’s market cap soared as it rode the GLP-1 drug wave to become one of the world’s most valuable pharmaceutical companies. She stepped into the role at Alphabet at a pivotal moment. As CFO and senior vice president, she is now overseeing one of the most aggressive capital deployment programs in tech history,
Anat A…
[44] EDGAR 10-K Item 1
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Item 1
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204426000018/goog-20251231.htm#i6be430fe3ebf411481dcec8b0abe9149_148
Item 1 Business and Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following table presents segment operating income (loss) (in millions).
| | Year Ended December 31, | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 2024 | | 2025 | | | | |
| Operating income (loss): | | | | | | | |
| Google Services | $ | 121,263 | | | $ | 139,404 | |
| Google Cloud | 6,112 | | | 13,910 | | | |
| Other Bets | (4,444) | | | (7,515) | | | |
| Alphabet-level activities (1) | (10,541) | | | (16,760) | | | |
| Total income f…
[45] Sundar Pichai - Wikipedia
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundar_Pichai
Sundar Pichai - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundar_Pichai
Pichai Sundararajan (born June 10, 1972), better known as Sundar Pichai, is an Indian–American business executive who has been the CEO of Google since 2015 and the CEO of its parent company Alphabet Inc. since 2019. [...] 4. ↑ Melinda C. Shepherd, Sundar Pichai at the Encyclopædia Britannica. "Sundar Pichai, in full Pichai Sundararajan, (born June 10, 1972, Madras [now Chennai], Tamil Nadu, India), Indian-born American executive who was CEO of both Google, Inc. (2015– ), and its holding company, Alphabet Inc. (2019– )." [..…
[46] Sundar Pichai | Biography, Google, & Facts | Britannica Money
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.britannica.com/money/Sundar-Pichai
Sundar Pichai - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundar_Pichai
Pichai Sundararajan (born June 10, 1972), better known as Sundar Pichai, is an Indian–American business executive who has been the CEO of Google since 2015 and the CEO of its parent company Alphabet Inc. since 2019. [...] 4. ↑ Melinda C. Shepherd, Sundar Pichai at the Encyclopædia Britannica. "Sundar Pichai, in full Pichai Sundararajan, (born June 10, 1972, Madras [now Chennai], Tamil Nadu, India), Indian-born American executive who was CEO of both Google, Inc. (2015– ), and its holding company, Alphabet Inc. (2019– )." [..…
[47] Sundar Pichai - CEO at Google
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://linkedin.com/in/sundarpichai
Alphabet (GOOGL) 2026 Proxy Statement: CEO Sundar Pichai, $10.9M
https://gloom.sh/stocks/googl/proxy/2026
## What changed and why
$10.9MSundar Pichai received total compensation of $10,906,079 in 2025, compared to $10,800,694 in 2024.
The Compensation Committee discontinued the SVP Bonus program beginning in fiscal 2025.
Individual target values for the annual SVP Bonus opportunity were shifted into target annual PSU awards.
Sundar Pichai received no new stock awards during 2025.
$42.2MPhilipp Schindler received the highest total compensation among named executives at $42,201,551 for 20…
[48] Sundar Pichai - CEO at Google
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.linkedin.com/in/sundarpichai
Sundar Pichai - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundar_Pichai
Pichai Sundararajan (born June 10, 1972), better known as Sundar Pichai, is an Indian–American business executive who has been the CEO of Google since 2015 and the CEO of its parent company Alphabet Inc. since 2019. [...] 4. ↑ Melinda C. Shepherd, Sundar Pichai at the Encyclopædia Britannica. "Sundar Pichai, in full Pichai Sundararajan, (born June 10, 1972, Madras [now Chennai], Tamil Nadu, India), Indian-born American executive who was CEO of both Google, Inc. (2015– ), and its holding company, Alphabet Inc. (2019– )." [..…
[49] Sundar Pichai
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.forbes.com/profile/sundar-pichai
Sundar Pichai - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundar_Pichai
Pichai Sundararajan (born June 10, 1972), better known as Sundar Pichai, is an Indian–American business executive who has been the CEO of Google since 2015 and the CEO of its parent company Alphabet Inc. since 2019. [...] 4. ↑ Melinda C. Shepherd, Sundar Pichai at the Encyclopædia Britannica. "Sundar Pichai, in full Pichai Sundararajan, (born June 10, 1972, Madras [now Chennai], Tamil Nadu, India), Indian-born American executive who was CEO of both Google, Inc. (2015– ), and its holding company, Alphabet Inc. (2019– )." [..…
[50] goog-20250318
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204425000027/goog-20250318.htm
goog-20250318
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204425000027/goog-20250318.htm
On March 18, 2025, Google LLC (“Google”), a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which Google will acquire Wiz, Inc. (“Wiz”), a leading cloud security platform, for $32 billion, subject to closing adjustments, in an all-cash transaction. The acquisition of Wiz is expected to close in 2026, subject to customary closing conditions, including the receipt of regulatory approvals. Upon the closing of the acquisition, Wiz will become part […
[51] Alphabet acquires Wiz — deal terms · VectorShift Research
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://vectorshift.ai/research/deals/alphabet-wiz-2026
goog-20250318
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204425000027/goog-20250318.htm
On March 18, 2025, Google LLC (“Google”), a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which Google will acquire Wiz, Inc. (“Wiz”), a leading cloud security platform, for $32 billion, subject to closing adjustments, in an all-cash transaction. The acquisition of Wiz is expected to close in 2026, subject to customary closing conditions, including the receipt of regulatory approvals. Upon the closing of the acquisition, Wiz will become part […
[52] Google Confirms Wiz Acquisition To Close In 2026; $3.2B Fee On The Line | CRN
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/crn-media_google-confirms-wiz-acquisition-to-close-activity-7391843016107257856--cng
goog-20250318
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204425000027/goog-20250318.htm
On March 18, 2025, Google LLC (“Google”), a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which Google will acquire Wiz, Inc. (“Wiz”), a leading cloud security platform, for $32 billion, subject to closing adjustments, in an all-cash transaction. The acquisition of Wiz is expected to close in 2026, subject to customary closing conditions, including the receipt of regulatory approvals. Upon the closing of the acquisition, Wiz will become part […
[53] Alphabet Investor Relations - Google Announces Agreement to Acquire Wiz
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://abc.xyz/investor/news/news-details/2025/Google-Announces-Agreement-to-Acquire-Wiz-03-18-2025/default.aspx
goog-20250318
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204425000027/goog-20250318.htm
On March 18, 2025, Google LLC (“Google”), a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which Google will acquire Wiz, Inc. (“Wiz”), a leading cloud security platform, for $32 billion, subject to closing adjustments, in an all-cash transaction. The acquisition of Wiz is expected to close in 2026, subject to customary closing conditions, including the receipt of regulatory approvals. Upon the closing of the acquisition, Wiz will become part […
[54] Alphabet in talks to acquire Wiz for $33bn
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/alphabet-talks-acquire-wiz-33bn-103350005.html
goog-20250318
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204425000027/goog-20250318.htm
On March 18, 2025, Google LLC (“Google”), a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc., announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which Google will acquire Wiz, Inc. (“Wiz”), a leading cloud security platform, for $32 billion, subject to closing adjustments, in an all-cash transaction. The acquisition of Wiz is expected to close in 2026, subject to customary closing conditions, including the receipt of regulatory approvals. Upon the closing of the acquisition, Wiz will become part […
[55] Lilly CFO leaves to join Alphabet | BioPharma Dive
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/lilly-anat-ashkenazi-cfo-depart-google-alphabet/718079
Anat Ashkenazi | Fortune
https://fortune.com/ranking/most-powerful-women/2026/anat-ashkenazi
Anat Ashkenazi arrived at Alphabet in July 2024 with one of the most compelling CFO track records in corporate America. During her three-year tenure as finance chief at Eli Lilly, the company’s market cap soared as it rode the GLP-1 drug wave to become one of the world’s most valuable pharmaceutical companies. She stepped into the role at Alphabet at a pivotal moment. As CFO and senior vice president, she is now overseeing one of the most aggressive capital deployment programs in tech history,
Anat A…
[56] EDGAR DEF 14A Director Compensation Director Compensation
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Director Compensation Director Compensation
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000342/goog-20260424.htm#i1360995bc0a74c189010a3c64d81724f_2849
business, skills, experiences, and the job opportunities available to them outside of Alphabet, as appropriate.
In 2025, the Compensation Committee maintained the annual salaries of Anat, Ruth, Philipp, and Kent at $1.0 million. Sundar’s annual salary remained at $2.0 million.
Equity Awards
We grant equity awards to our named executive officers to reinforce management’s focus on long-term shareholder value and commitment to the company. The Compensation Committee regularly evaluates the structure of these equity awards to ensure the right balance of time- and performance-based equity that …
[57] EDGAR DEF 14A Director Compensation Director Compensation
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Director Compensation Director Compensation
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000342/goog-20260424.htm#i1360995bc0a74c189010a3c64d81724f_2905
used base salary and target bonus as the consistently applied compensation measure to determine the median employee. If this resulted in more than one individual at the median level, we assessed the grant date fair value of standard equity awards for these individuals and selected the employee with the median award value. After identifying the median employee, we calculated annual total compensation for the median employee according to the methodology used to report the annual total compensation of our named executive officers in the 2025 Summary Compensation Table on page 50.
Alphabet Pay v…
[58] EDGAR DEF 14A Director Compensation Director Compensation
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Director Compensation Director Compensation
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000342/goog-20260424.htm#i1360995bc0a74c189010a3c64d81724f_191
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Class A Common Stock | | Class B Common Stock | | | | | | | | | |
| Shares | % | | Shares | % | | | | | | | |
| Executive Officers and Directors | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Larry Page | — | | — | | | 389,051,160 | | 46.5 | | 27.4 | |
| Sergey Brin (2) | 37,469 | | * | | 358,939,978 | | 42.9 | | 25.3 | | |
| Sundar Pichai | 227,560 | | * | | — | | — | | * | | |
| Anat Ashkenazi | — | | — | | | — | | — | | — | |
| Ruth M. Porat (3) | 28,060 | | * | | — | | — | | * | | |
| Philipp Schindler | — | | — | | | — | | — | | — | …
[59] EDGAR 10-K Item 5
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Item 5
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204426000018/goog-20251231.htm#i6be430fe3ebf411481dcec8b0abe9149_76
t on Form 10-K.
(2) Average price paid per share includes costs associated with the repurchases.
25.
| Table of Contents | Alphabet Inc. |
| --- | --- |
Stock Performance Graphs
The graph below matches Alphabet Inc. Class A's cumulative five-year total stockholder return on common stock with the cumulative total returns of the S&P 500 index, the NASDAQ Composite index, and the RDG Internet Composite index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our common stock and in each index (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from December 31, 2020, to December 31, 2025. Th…
[60] EDGAR 10-K Item 1 (FY 2024)
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Item 1 (FY 2024)
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204425000014/goog-20241231.htm#iceb58926ff9849d5be7614e3b0f8e836_151
building improvements (also referred to as "fit-outs").
Assets not yet in service are those that are not ready for our intended use, including assets in the process of construction or assembly, and consists primarily of technical infrastructure. The time frame from date of purchase to placement in service of these assets may extend from months to years. For example, our data center construction projects are generally multi-year projects with multiple phases, where we acquire land and buildings, construct buildings, and secure and install servers and network equipment.
During the years ended…
[61] Alphabet Investor Relations - 2024 Q4 Earnings Call
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2025/2024-Q4-Earnings-Call
Alphabet Investor Relations - 2025 Q4 Earnings Call
https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2026/2025-Q4-Earnings-Call-2026-Dr_C033hS6/default.aspx
CapEx was $27.9 billion for the fourth quarter, and $91.4 billion for the full year, in line with our expectation. The vast majority of our CapEx was invested in technical infrastructure, with approximately 60% of that investment in servers and 40% in data centers and networking equipment.
In Q4, we returned capital to shareholders through $5.5 billion of share repurchase and $2.5 billion of dividend payments. [...] Hi, everyone. Thanks for…
[62] Alphabet 2024 Q4 Earnings Call
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URIsVKPmhGg
Alphabet Investor Relations - 2025 Q4 Earnings Call
https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2026/2025-Q4-Earnings-Call-2026-Dr_C033hS6/default.aspx
CapEx was $27.9 billion for the fourth quarter, and $91.4 billion for the full year, in line with our expectation. The vast majority of our CapEx was invested in technical infrastructure, with approximately 60% of that investment in servers and 40% in data centers and networking equipment.
In Q4, we returned capital to shareholders through $5.5 billion of share repurchase and $2.5 billion of dividend payments. [...] Hi, everyone. Thanks for…
[63] Alphabet 2025 Q4 Earnings Call
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIK5-yi7a-c
Alphabet Investor Relations - 2025 Q4 Earnings Call
https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2026/2025-Q4-Earnings-Call-2026-Dr_C033hS6/default.aspx
CapEx was $27.9 billion for the fourth quarter, and $91.4 billion for the full year, in line with our expectation. The vast majority of our CapEx was invested in technical infrastructure, with approximately 60% of that investment in servers and 40% in data centers and networking equipment.
In Q4, we returned capital to shareholders through $5.5 billion of share repurchase and $2.5 billion of dividend payments. [...] Hi, everyone. Thanks for…
[64] Alphabet will invest about $75 billion in capital expenditures in 2025
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.cnbc.com/2025/02/04/alphabet-expects-to-invest-about-75-billion-in-capex-in-2025.html
Alphabet Investor Relations - 2025 Q4 Earnings Call
https://abc.xyz/investor/events/event-details/2026/2025-Q4-Earnings-Call-2026-Dr_C033hS6/default.aspx
CapEx was $27.9 billion for the fourth quarter, and $91.4 billion for the full year, in line with our expectation. The vast majority of our CapEx was invested in technical infrastructure, with approximately 60% of that investment in servers and 40% in data centers and networking equipment.
In Q4, we returned capital to shareholders through $5.5 billion of share repurchase and $2.5 billion of dividend payments. [...] Hi, everyone. Thanks for…
[65] EDGAR DEF 14A Director Compensation Director Compensation
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Director Compensation Director Compensation
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000342/goog-20260424.htm#i-98
(Chair) and Frances, each of whom is a non-employee member of our Board. Our Board has determined that each of the directors serving on the Governance Committee is independent under applicable Nasdaq and SEC rules for Governance Committee membership. | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | Executive Committee The Executive Committee serves as an administrative committee of our Board to act upon and facilitate the consideration by senior management and our Board of certain high-level business and strategic matters. During 2025, the Executive Committee did not hold any meetings. The Executive Committee cur…
[66] EDGAR DEF 14A Director Compensation Director Compensation
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Director Compensation Director Compensation
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000342/goog-20260424.htm#i1360995bc0a74c189010a3c64d81724f_2157
ersight of executives. Google’s global workforce is reportedly more than 50% temporary workers, contractors or vendor employees yet these workers have even less say over their indirect employer’s actions, and are subject to increasingly alarming treatment.3 A survey of U.S. data workers powering AI showed that 86% worry about meeting basic financial responsibilities and only 30% are paid for downtime between tasks, even as their labor underpins the very systems that drive the company’s growth.4
Corporate governance experts overwhelmingly illustrate a growing concern about multi-class share s…
[67] EDGAR DEF 14A Director Compensation Director Compensation
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Director Compensation Director Compensation
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000342/goog-20260424.htm#i1360995bc0a74c189010a3c64d81724f_2768
s in the best interests of Alphabet and our shareholders to continue, modify, or terminate the related party transaction.
| 38 | Alphabet 2026 Proxy Statement |
| --- | --- |
| Proxy Statement Summary & Highlights | Corporate Governance | Director and Executive Compensation | Audit Matters | Proposals | Q&A | Appendix |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Related Party Transactions
Indemnification Agreements
We have entered into an indemnification agreement with each of our directors and executive officers. The indemnification agreements, our Certificate of Incorporation, and Byl…
[68] goog014907-ars.pdf
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000344/goog014907-ars.pdf
goog014907-ars.pdf
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000344/goog014907-ars.pdf
We have audited Alphabet Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria
established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Alphabet Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all
material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on the COSO criteria. [...] letter f…
[69] GOOG 10-K 2025
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://s206.q4cdn.com/479360582/files/doc_financials/2025/q4/GOOG-10-K-2025.pdf
goog014907-ars.pdf
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000344/goog014907-ars.pdf
We have audited Alphabet Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria
established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Alphabet Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all
material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on the COSO criteria. [...] letter f…
[70] Alphabet
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://tavily.com/knowledge/company/0V1Av8gxVPi7
goog014907-ars.pdf
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000344/goog014907-ars.pdf
We have audited Alphabet Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria
established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Alphabet Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all
material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on the COSO criteria. [...] letter f…
[71] TransAlta files Form 40-F with 2025 audited financials | TAC SEC Filing - Form 40-F
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.stocktitan.net/sec-filings/TAC/40-f-transalta-corp-annual-report-canadian-issuer-a73eb6c6e252.html
goog014907-ars.pdf
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000344/goog014907-ars.pdf
We have audited Alphabet Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria
established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Alphabet Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all
material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on the COSO criteria. [...] letter f…
[72] Stereotaxis amends 2025 annual report filing | STXS Annual Report (10-K)
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.stocktitan.net/sec-filings/STXS/10-k-a-stereotaxis-inc-amends-annual-report-e5ee35742131.html
goog014907-ars.pdf
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000130817926000344/goog014907-ars.pdf
We have audited Alphabet Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria
established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Alphabet Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all
material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on the COSO criteria. [...] letter f…
[73] Alphabet (GOOGL) 2026 Proxy Statement: CEO Sundar Pichai, $10.9M
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://gloom.sh/stocks/googl/proxy/2026
Alphabet (GOOGL) 2026 Proxy Statement: CEO Sundar Pichai, $10.9M
https://gloom.sh/stocks/googl/proxy/2026
## What changed and why
$10.9MSundar Pichai received total compensation of $10,906,079 in 2025, compared to $10,800,694 in 2024.
The Compensation Committee discontinued the SVP Bonus program beginning in fiscal 2025.
Individual target values for the annual SVP Bonus opportunity were shifted into target annual PSU awards.
Sundar Pichai received no new stock awards during 2025.
$42.2MPhilipp Schindler received the highest total compensation among named executives at $42,201,551 for 20…
[74] Parker-Hannifin (PH) 2025 Proxy: Board Independence, CEO Pay $19.3M | PH Proxy Statement
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.stocktitan.net/sec-filings/PH/def-14a-parker-hannifin-corp-definitive-proxy-statement-6423e2518e6a.html
Alphabet
https://s206.q4cdn.com/479360582/files/doc_downloads/2026/GOOG_PXY_2026_WO27_WKV_WR-IR.pdf
Proxy Statement Summary & Highlights Corporate Governance Director and Executive Compensation Audit Matters Proposals Q&A Appendix Alphabet 2026 Proxy Statement 55 Alphabet CEO Pay Ratio The 2025 annual total compensation of our median compensated employee was $310,826, and the 2025 annual total compensation of our CEO was $10,906,079. The resulting ratio of Chief Executive Officer to Median Employee total compensation is 35 to 1. [...] Our executive compensation program and compensation paid t…
[75] Broadridge 2025 Proxy: Performance-Based Pay, CEO Pay Ratio 216:1 | BR Proxy Statement
Tavily · web · 2026-11-03
https://www.stocktitan.net/sec-filings/BR/def-14a-broadridge-financial-solutions-inc-definitive-proxy-statement-ab2bd081d96a.html
Alphabet
https://s206.q4cdn.com/479360582/files/doc_downloads/2026/GOOG_PXY_2026_WO27_WKV_WR-IR.pdf
Proxy Statement Summary & Highlights Corporate Governance Director and Executive Compensation Audit Matters Proposals Q&A Appendix Alphabet 2026 Proxy Statement 55 Alphabet CEO Pay Ratio The 2025 annual total compensation of our median compensated employee was $310,826, and the 2025 annual total compensation of our CEO was $10,906,079. The resulting ratio of Chief Executive Officer to Median Employee total compensation is 35 to 1. [...] Our executive compensation program and compensation paid t…
[76] EDGAR 10-K Note 76
EDGAR · edgar · 2026-11-03 · Note 76
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204426000018/goog-20251231.htm#f-1316
76.
| Table of Contents | Alphabet Inc. |
| --- | --- |
$3.5 billion in the third quarter of 2025, and we placed bank guarantees in the fourth quarter of 2025 in lieu of cash payment.
In September 2024, the UK also issued a Statement of Objections concerning Google's advertising technology and its compliance with UK antitrust laws, to which we responded.
•Google Play: In July 2021, a number of state Attorneys General filed a lawsuit in the US District Court for the Northern District of California concerning Google’s operation of Android and Google Play and its compliance with US antitrust…
[77] Run DCF once per scenario and compare the outputs
Bull Run Valuation · calculation · 2026-11-03
valuation://valuation_scenario_compare
Calcul : Run DCF once per scenario and compare the outputs — {"period": "FY2025", "scenarios": [{"discount_rate": 0.16, "discount_rate_justification": "Uses a higher-than-hurdle 15% discount rate to reflect moderate moat durability and elevated regulatory/AI-disruption plus heavy fixed commitments from the AI infrastructure cycle.", "historical_years": [{"calendar_year": "2023", "fcf_margin": 0.2261001844509674, "revenue": 307394000000, "shares_outstanding": 12722000000}, {"calendar_year": "2024", "fcf_margin": 0.20789366801218284, "revenue": 350018000000, "shares_outstanding": 12447000000}, {"calendar_year": "2025", "fcf_margin": 0.18190976793657765, "revenue": 402836000000, "shares_outstanding": 12230000000}], "name": "Prudent", "net_debt": -67631000000, "net_debt_justification": "Net cash position based on FY2025 balance sheet cash & short-term investments ($126.8B) minus total debt ($59.3B), implying ~-$67.6B net debt (i.e., net cash).", "period": "FY2025", "projected_years": [{"calendar_year": "2026", "fcf_margin": 0.06, "fcf_margin_justification": "FCF margin remains depressed by elevated AI/data-center capex and energy/compute costs; assumes some working-capital tailwinds in FY2025 do not repeat, keeping FCF conversion low near term.", "revenue": 485231000000, "revenue_justification": "~3% growth vs TTM as ad demand normalizes but AI-driven search changes and regulatory uncertainty cap growth; reflects deceleration versus FY2023–FY2025 CAGR as scale rises.", "shares_outstanding": 12320000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Net buybacks modestly exceed SBC, but pace slows while capital is prioritized toward infrastructure and the pending Wiz cash acquisition; slight net reduction vs TTM."}, {"calendar_year": "2027", "fcf_margin": 0.09, "fcf_margin_justification": "Gradual recovery as capex intensity eases from peak and Cloud profitability improves; still below FY2023–FY2025 due to structurally higher fixed commitments (leases/power) and AI compute.", "revenue": 507070000000, "revenue_justification": "~4.5% growth as Cloud continues to scale and Services grows low single digits; still assumes partial offset from AI substitution in traditional search queries.", "shares_outstanding": 12260000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Continued but measured repurchases; governance and dilution risks persist yet share count trends down given strong cash resources."}, {"calendar_year": "2028", "fcf_margin": 0.12, "fcf_margin_justification": "Better operating leverage and moderation of capex after build-out; assumes FCF conversion returns toward historical but remains below peak given ongoing AI spend.", "revenue": 529885000000, "revenue_justification": "~4.5% growth reflecting maturing ad business, with incremental Cloud and YouTube offsetting slower Search growth.", "shares_outstanding": 12200000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Buybacks continue to reduce shares ~0.5% as free cash flow improves."}, {"calendar_year": "2029", "fcf_margin": 0.14, "fcf_margin_justification": "FCF margin expansion from improved depreciation/capex relationship and stable SBC as % revenue; still conservative versus FY2024 levels.", "revenue": 552659000000, "revenue_justification": "~4.3% growth with Cloud gaining share but overall company at mega-cap scale; assumes no major acquisitions beyond Wiz.", "shares_outstanding": 12140000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Ongoing repurchases, slightly slower as valuation may remain high."}, {"calendar_year": "2030", "fcf_margin": 0.15, "fcf_margin_justification": "Reaches mid-teens as AI infra spending normalizes; incorporates higher ongoing maintenance capex than pre-AI era.", "revenue": 575319000000, "revenue_justification": "~4.1% growth as core ad and platform revenues grow roughly with global digital ad market; Cloud growth decelerates from earlier years.", "shares_outstanding": 12080000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "~0.5% annual net reduction assuming buybacks continue but do not aggressively shrink float."}, {"calendar_year": "2031", "fcf_margin": 0.155, "fcf_margin_justification": "Slight improvement from continued Cloud margin gains and operating leverage; offset by AI traffic acquisition and compute costs.", "revenue": 598102000000, "revenue_justification": "~4.0% growth reflecting mature platform with modest monetization wins (pricing/mix) rather than volume.", "shares_outstanding": 12020000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Steady repurchases roughly matching historical net share count decline."}, {"calendar_year": "2032", "fcf_margin": 0.158, "fcf_margin_justification": "Near-stable as efficiency gains are partly reinvested into R&D to defend moat under AI competition.", "revenue": 620827000000, "revenue_justification": "~3.8% growth with incremental contributions from subscriptions/other services but limited by scale.", "shares_outstanding": 11960000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Share count continues to drift down with ongoing authorization."}, {"calendar_year": "2033", "fcf_margin": 0.16, "fcf_margin_justification": "Stabilizes around 16% as capital intensity remains higher than the last decade and Other Bets remains a drag.", "revenue": 643472000000, "revenue_justification": "~3.6% growth; assumes some regulatory remedies/traffic shifts pressure growth but not a collapse due to distribution and ecosystem inertia.", "shares_outstanding": 11900000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Net buybacks at ~0.5% per year."}, {"calendar_year": "2034", "fcf_margin": 0.16, "fcf_margin_justification": "No further margin expansion assumed; keeps conservative stance given ongoing AI monetization uncertainty.", "revenue": 666052000000, "revenue_justification": "~3.5% growth in line with mature global GDP-plus profile for a dominant platform.", "shares_outstanding": 11840000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Modest continued reduction."}, {"calendar_year": "2035", "fcf_margin": 0.16, "fcf_margin_justification": "Terminal-year margin held flat, reflecting balance of reinvestment to defend distribution moat and mature revenue base.", "revenue": 688363000000, "revenue_justification": "~3.3% growth approaching terminal-state economics; assumes limited incremental TAM expansion.", "shares_outstanding": 11780000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Slight share reduction continues as long as net cash remains ample."}], "terminal_growth_rate": 0.02, "terminal_growth_rate_justification": "Conservative perpetual growth slightly below long-run nominal GDP to reflect mega-cap scale, antitrust constraints, and potentially lower monetization under AI-driven discovery.", "ttm": {"calendar_year": "2026-Q3", "fcf_margin": 0.04191696844393311, "revenue": 471098000000, "shares_outstanding": 12368000000}, "unit": "USD/share"}, {"discount_rate": 0.15, "discount_rate_justification": "Uses the investor’s 15% hurdle rate. Alphabet’s net-cash balance sheet and resilient cash generation support not adding a premium, while moderate moat durability and regulatory/AI risks prevent using a lower rate.", "historical_years": [{"calendar_year": "2023", "fcf_margin": 0.2261001844509674, "revenue": 307394000000, "shares_outstanding": 12722000000}, {"calendar_year": "2024", "fcf_margin": 0.20789366801218284, "revenue": 350018000000, "shares_outstanding": 12447000000}, {"calendar_year": "2025", "fcf_margin": 0.18190976793657765, "revenue": 402836000000, "shares_outstanding": 12230000000}], "name": "Réaliste", "net_debt": -67631000000, "net_debt_justification": "Net cash position based on FY2025 balance sheet cash & short-term investments ($126.8B) minus total debt ($59.3B), implying ~-$67.6B net debt (i.e., net cash).", "period": "FY2025", "projected_years": [{"calendar_year": "2026", "fcf_margin": 0.07, "fcf_margin_justification": "Still depressed by peak AI/data-center capex and higher depreciation, but less severe than prudent case as monetization holds and working capital normalizes.", "revenue": 494652900000, "revenue_justification": "~5% growth vs TTM as Services remains resilient (Search/YouTube) and Cloud continues share gains; assumes AI features defend engagement despite some query substitution.", "shares_outstanding": 12300000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Buybacks roughly neutralize SBC and slightly reduce shares, consistent with historical net share count decline funded by strong operating cash flow."}, {"calendar_year": "2027", "fcf_margin": 0.11, "fcf_margin_justification": "FCF conversion recovers as capex as % of revenue starts to normalize from the 2025 spike; assumes Cloud margin gains and stable opex discipline.", "revenue": 529274600000, "revenue_justification": "~7% growth as Cloud scales and profitability improves, with ad pricing/mix and YouTube supporting mid-single-digit Services growth.", "shares_outstanding": 12220000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Net reduction ~0.6% as repurchases resume more strongly once peak capex passes."}, {"calendar_year": "2028", "fcf_margin": 0.15, "fcf_margin_justification": "Returns to mid-teens as depreciation/capex ratio improves and incremental revenue requires less incremental capex than the initial AI build-out.", "revenue": 566323800000, "revenue_justification": "~7% growth driven by continued Cloud growth and steady ad demand; reflects slowdown from historical teens as scale increases.", "shares_outstanding": 12130000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "~0.7% annual decline as buybacks consistently exceed dilution."}, {"calendar_year": "2029", "fcf_margin": 0.17, "fcf_margin_justification": "Operating leverage plus maturing Cloud raises FCF margin; still below FY2023–FY2024 because AI compute keeps maintenance capex elevated.", "revenue": 600303200000, "revenue_justification": "~6% growth as Cloud decelerates but remains above corporate average; assumes no severe antitrust remedy impacting defaults.", "shares_outstanding": 12040000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Continued repurchases at a steady cadence."}, {"calendar_year": "2030", "fcf_margin": 0.18, "fcf_margin_justification": "Gradual improvement as infrastructure utilization rises and SBC as % revenue continues to drift down.", "revenue": 630318400000, "revenue_justification": "~5% growth reflecting mature Services + still-growing Cloud and subscriptions.", "shares_outstanding": 11950000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "~0.75% annual share reduction as capital returns remain a priority."}, {"calendar_year": "2031", "fcf_margin": 0.185, "fcf_margin_justification": "Near-peak steady-state mid/high teens FCF margin reflecting ongoing reinvestment for moat defense.", "revenue": 655531100000, "revenue_justification": "~4% growth as Alphabet approaches mega-cap maturity; assumes incremental AI monetization offsets slower query growth.", "shares_outstanding": 11860000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Ongoing buybacks; slightly slower as valuation can be elevated but still net reducing."}, {"calendar_year": "2032", "fcf_margin": 0.19, "fcf_margin_justification": "Small expansion from better capex efficiency and continued Cloud operating margin improvements.", "revenue": 681752300000, "revenue_justification": "~4% growth supported by Cloud, YouTube, and platform pricing.", "shares_outstanding": 11780000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Share count continues to fall as long as net cash remains ample."}, {"calendar_year": "2033", "fcf_margin": 0.19, "fcf_margin_justification": "Flat as efficiency gains are reinvested in AI and security (including Wiz integration).", "revenue": 708339300000, "revenue_justification": "~3.9% growth; increasing maturity, but still above GDP due to digital shift and product iteration.", "shares_outstanding": 11700000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Net buybacks continue around ~0.7%."}, {"calendar_year": "2034", "fcf_margin": 0.19, "fcf_margin_justification": "Stable terminal approach; assumes no major structural margin compression.", "revenue": 733832900000, "revenue_justification": "~3.6% growth trending toward terminal, reflecting scale and competition.", "shares_outstanding": 11620000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Continuing gradual reduction."}, {"calendar_year": "2035", "fcf_margin": 0.19, "fcf_margin_justification": "Terminal-year margin held at 19% to reflect durable economics but sustained higher AI-related capex than pre-2025.", "revenue": 758042100000, "revenue_justification": "~3.3% growth approaching terminal steady state.", "shares_outstanding": 11540000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Buybacks persist but slow as firm balances reinvestment, acquisitions, and dividends."}], "terminal_growth_rate": 0.025, "terminal_growth_rate_justification": "Perpetual growth modestly above inflation and near long-run nominal GDP, consistent with a durable global platform but constrained by very large scale.", "ttm": {"calendar_year": "2026-Q3", "fcf_margin": 0.04191696844393311, "revenue": 471098000000, "shares_outstanding": 12368000000}, "unit": "USD/share"}, {"discount_rate": 0.145, "discount_rate_justification": "Slightly below 15% assumes AI investments earn strong incremental returns, regulatory outcomes are manageable, and cash generation remains highly resilient—effectively lowering business risk versus the base case.", "historical_years": [{"calendar_year": "2023", "fcf_margin": 0.2261001844509674, "revenue": 307394000000, "shares_outstanding": 12722000000}, {"calendar_year": "2024", "fcf_margin": 0.20789366801218284, "revenue": 350018000000, "shares_outstanding": 12447000000}, {"calendar_year": "2025", "fcf_margin": 0.18190976793657765, "revenue": 402836000000, "shares_outstanding": 12230000000}], "name": "Optimiste", "net_debt": -67631000000, "net_debt_justification": "Net cash position based on FY2025 balance sheet cash & short-term investments ($126.8B) minus total debt ($59.3B), implying ~-$67.6B net debt (i.e., net cash).", "period": "FY2025", "projected_years": [{"calendar_year": "2026", "fcf_margin": 0.08, "fcf_margin_justification": "FCF still impacted by heavy capex, but better monetization and scaling efficiency keep conversion higher than in other scenarios.", "revenue": 508808000000, "revenue_justification": "~8% growth vs TTM as AI features (Gemini integration) improve user engagement and monetization; Cloud continues strong growth and share gains.", "shares_outstanding": 12280000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Stronger buybacks resume despite capex, reflecting management’s shareholder-return posture and net cash flexibility."}, {"calendar_year": "2027", "fcf_margin": 0.13, "fcf_margin_justification": "Rapid recovery as utilization improves and capex growth slows; Cloud profitability inflects higher.", "revenue": 564757000000, "revenue_justification": "~11% growth as Cloud and AI-related products expand faster, and Services benefits from pricing and new ad formats.", "shares_outstanding": 12180000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "~0.8% net share reduction as repurchases exceed dilution."}, {"calendar_year": "2028", "fcf_margin": 0.18, "fcf_margin_justification": "Returns to high-teens as capex moderates and operating leverage expands.", "revenue": 627933000000, "revenue_justification": "~11% growth; assumes Alphabet successfully transitions monetization to AI-driven discovery without major share loss to competitors.", "shares_outstanding": 12070000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Accelerated buybacks with strong cash generation."}, {"calendar_year": "2029", "fcf_margin": 0.21, "fcf_margin_justification": "Low-20s FCF margin as AI infra becomes more maintenance-like and incremental margins stay high.", "revenue": 690726000000, "revenue_justification": "~10% growth as Cloud remains a major driver and YouTube/subscriptions expand.", "shares_outstanding": 11960000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Continued net reduction around ~0.9%."}, {"calendar_year": "2030", "fcf_margin": 0.22, "fcf_margin_justification": "Further modest expansion as capex efficiency improves and SBC declines as % of revenue.", "revenue": 746000000000, "revenue_justification": "~8% growth reflecting gradual maturation but still strong secular tailwinds in digital ads and cloud/AI.", "shares_outstanding": 11840000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Buybacks remain sizable given strong cash generation."}, {"calendar_year": "2031", "fcf_margin": 0.225, "fcf_margin_justification": "Stable low/mid-20s as mature platform economics persist with strong pricing power.", "revenue": 790760000000, "revenue_justification": "~6% growth as scale increases; assumes sustained competitive position and limited antitrust remedies.", "shares_outstanding": 11720000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Net share reduction continues."}, {"calendar_year": "2032", "fcf_margin": 0.225, "fcf_margin_justification": "Holds as ongoing AI R&D is funded while cash generation remains robust.", "revenue": 830298000000, "revenue_justification": "~5% growth driven by Cloud and subscriptions; Services grows mid-single digits.", "shares_outstanding": 11610000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Ongoing buybacks."}, {"calendar_year": "2033", "fcf_margin": 0.225, "fcf_margin_justification": "Stable as steady-state capital intensity achieved.", "revenue": 868517000000, "revenue_justification": "~4.6% growth trending down toward terminal while still above GDP due to platform monetization.", "shares_outstanding": 11500000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Continued reduction."}, {"calendar_year": "2034", "fcf_margin": 0.225, "fcf_margin_justification": "Stable; assumes Other Bets losses narrow and do not materially drag FCF.", "revenue": 903258000000, "revenue_justification": "~4.0% growth; mature but still compounding.", "shares_outstanding": 11400000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Net buybacks continue."}, {"calendar_year": "2035", "fcf_margin": 0.225, "fcf_margin_justification": "Terminal-year margin maintained at 22.5% reflecting strong economics under successful AI transition.", "revenue": 934856000000, "revenue_justification": "~3.5% growth approaching terminal.", "shares_outstanding": 11300000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Buybacks persist albeit gradually."}], "terminal_growth_rate": 0.03, "terminal_growth_rate_justification": "Higher perpetual growth assumes Alphabet retains platform strength and continues to compound modestly above nominal GDP due to ongoing digital and AI adoption.", "ttm": {"calendar_year": "2026-Q3", "fcf_margin": 0.04191696844393311, "revenue": 471098000000, "shares_outstanding": 12368000000}, "unit": "USD/share"}]}
[78] PV of 10 explicitly projected FCFs + PV of terminal value, minus net debt, divided by TTM shares outstanding
Bull Run Valuation · calculation · 2026-11-03
valuation://valuation_dcf
Calcul : PV of 10 explicitly projected FCFs + PV of terminal value, minus net debt, divided by TTM shares outstanding — {"discount_rate": 0.15, "discount_rate_justification": "Even in an optimistic operating outcome, the investor’s minimum required return remains 15%; this scenario improves cash flows rather than lowering the hurdle rate.", "historical_years": [{"calendar_year": "2023", "fcf_margin": 0.2261001844509674, "revenue": 307394000000, "shares_outstanding": 12722000000}, {"calendar_year": "2024", "fcf_margin": 0.20789366801218284, "revenue": 350018000000, "shares_outstanding": 12447000000}, {"calendar_year": "2025", "fcf_margin": 0.18190976793657765, "revenue": 402836000000, "shares_outstanding": 12230000000}], "net_debt": -67631000000, "net_debt_justification": "Net cash position based on FY2025 balance sheet cash & short-term investments ($126.8B) minus total debt ($59.3B), implying ~-$67.6B net debt (i.e., net cash).", "period": "FY2025", "projected_years": [{"calendar_year": "2026", "fcf_margin": 0.08, "fcf_margin_justification": "FCF still impacted by heavy AI/data-center capex, but higher monetization and scaling efficiency keep conversion above base case.", "revenue": 508808000000, "revenue_justification": "~8% growth vs TTM as AI features improve engagement and monetization while Cloud continues strong growth and share gains; assumes Alphabet maintains default distribution advantages despite competitive pressure.", "shares_outstanding": 12280000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Buybacks continue to more than offset SBC, supported by strong operating cash flow and net cash."}, {"calendar_year": "2027", "fcf_margin": 0.13, "fcf_margin_justification": "Rapid recovery as utilization improves and capex growth slows from peak; Cloud profitability continues to scale.", "revenue": 564757000000, "revenue_justification": "~11% growth as Cloud and AI-related products expand faster, and Services benefits from pricing/mix and new ad formats.", "shares_outstanding": 12180000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "~0.8% net share reduction as repurchases exceed dilution."}, {"calendar_year": "2028", "fcf_margin": 0.18, "fcf_margin_justification": "Returns to high-teens as the initial AI build-out becomes less incremental and operating leverage expands.", "revenue": 627933000000, "revenue_justification": "~11% growth; assumes successful monetization transition to AI-driven discovery without major share loss to competitors.", "shares_outstanding": 12070000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Accelerated buybacks funded by strong cash generation."}, {"calendar_year": "2029", "fcf_margin": 0.21, "fcf_margin_justification": "Low-20s FCF margin as AI infrastructure becomes more maintenance-like and incremental margins remain high.", "revenue": 690726000000, "revenue_justification": "~10% growth as Cloud remains a major driver and YouTube/subscriptions expand.", "shares_outstanding": 11960000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Continued net reduction around ~0.9%."}, {"calendar_year": "2030", "fcf_margin": 0.22, "fcf_margin_justification": "Further modest expansion as capex efficiency improves and SBC declines as % of revenue.", "revenue": 746000000000, "revenue_justification": "~8% growth reflecting gradual maturation but still strong secular tailwinds in digital ads and cloud/AI.", "shares_outstanding": 11840000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Buybacks remain sizable given strong cash generation."}, {"calendar_year": "2031", "fcf_margin": 0.225, "fcf_margin_justification": "Stable low/mid-20s as mature platform economics persist with strong pricing power.", "revenue": 790760000000, "revenue_justification": "~6% growth as scale increases; assumes sustained competitive position and limited antitrust remedies.", "shares_outstanding": 11720000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Net share reduction continues."}, {"calendar_year": "2032", "fcf_margin": 0.225, "fcf_margin_justification": "Holds as ongoing AI R&D is funded while cash generation remains robust.", "revenue": 830298000000, "revenue_justification": "~5% growth driven by Cloud and subscriptions; Services grows mid-single digits.", "shares_outstanding": 11610000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Ongoing buybacks."}, {"calendar_year": "2033", "fcf_margin": 0.225, "fcf_margin_justification": "Stable as steady-state capital intensity achieved.", "revenue": 868517000000, "revenue_justification": "~4.6% growth trending down toward terminal while still above GDP due to platform monetization.", "shares_outstanding": 11500000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Continued reduction."}, {"calendar_year": "2034", "fcf_margin": 0.225, "fcf_margin_justification": "Stable; assumes Other Bets losses narrow and do not materially drag FCF.", "revenue": 903258000000, "revenue_justification": "~4.0% growth; mature but still compounding.", "shares_outstanding": 11400000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Net buybacks continue."}, {"calendar_year": "2035", "fcf_margin": 0.225, "fcf_margin_justification": "Terminal-year margin maintained at 22.5% reflecting strong economics under successful AI transition.", "revenue": 934856000000, "revenue_justification": "~3.5% growth approaching terminal.", "shares_outstanding": 11300000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Buybacks persist albeit gradually."}], "terminal_growth_rate": 0.03, "terminal_growth_rate_justification": "Higher perpetual growth assumes Alphabet retains platform strength and continues compounding modestly above nominal GDP due to ongoing digital and AI adoption.", "ttm": {"calendar_year": "2026-Q3", "fcf_margin": 0.04191696844393311, "revenue": 471098000000, "shares_outstanding": 12368000000}}
[79] FMP fmp_balance_sheet
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/balance-sheet-statement/GOOGL?period=annual&limit=1
[80] FMP fmp_income_statement
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/income-statement/GOOGL?period=annual&limit=3
[81] FMP fmp_cash_flow_statement
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/cash-flow-statement/GOOGL?period=annual&limit=3
[82] FMP fmp_ttm income statement
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/income-statement/GOOGL?period=quarter&limit=4
[83] FMP fmp_ttm cash flow statement
FMP · api · 2026-11-03
https://financialmodelingprep.com/api/v3/cash-flow-statement/GOOGL?period=quarter&limit=4
[84] Recompute DCF while varying discount_rate
Bull Run Valuation · calculation · 2026-11-03
valuation://valuation_sensitivity_table
Calcul : Recompute DCF while varying discount_rate — {"discount_rate": 0.15, "discount_rate_justification": "Uses the investor’s 15% hurdle rate. Alphabet’s net-cash balance sheet and resilient cash generation support not adding a premium, while moderate moat durability and regulatory/AI risks prevent using a lower rate.", "historical_years": [{"calendar_year": "2023", "fcf_margin": 0.2261001844509674, "revenue": 307394000000, "shares_outstanding": 12722000000}, {"calendar_year": "2024", "fcf_margin": 0.20789366801218284, "revenue": 350018000000, "shares_outstanding": 12447000000}, {"calendar_year": "2025", "fcf_margin": 0.18190976793657765, "revenue": 402836000000, "shares_outstanding": 12230000000}], "net_debt": -67631000000, "net_debt_justification": "Net cash position based on FY2025 balance sheet cash & short-term investments ($126.8B) minus total debt ($59.3B), implying ~-$67.6B net debt (i.e., net cash).", "period": "FY2025", "projected_years": [{"calendar_year": "2026", "fcf_margin": 0.07, "fcf_margin_justification": "Still depressed by peak AI/data-center capex and higher depreciation, but less severe than prudent case as monetization holds and working capital normalizes.", "revenue": 494652900000, "revenue_justification": "~5% growth vs TTM as Services remains resilient (Search/YouTube) and Cloud continues share gains; assumes AI features defend engagement despite some query substitution.", "shares_outstanding": 12300000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Buybacks roughly neutralize SBC and slightly reduce shares, consistent with historical net share count decline funded by strong operating cash flow."}, {"calendar_year": "2027", "fcf_margin": 0.11, "fcf_margin_justification": "FCF conversion recovers as capex as % of revenue starts to normalize from the 2025 spike; assumes Cloud margin gains and stable opex discipline.", "revenue": 529274600000, "revenue_justification": "~7% growth as Cloud scales and profitability improves, with ad pricing/mix and YouTube supporting mid-single-digit Services growth.", "shares_outstanding": 12220000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Net reduction ~0.6% as repurchases resume more strongly once peak capex passes."}, {"calendar_year": "2028", "fcf_margin": 0.15, "fcf_margin_justification": "Returns to mid-teens as depreciation/capex ratio improves and incremental revenue requires less incremental capex than the initial AI build-out.", "revenue": 566323800000, "revenue_justification": "~7% growth driven by continued Cloud growth and steady ad demand; reflects slowdown from historical teens as scale increases.", "shares_outstanding": 12130000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "~0.7% annual decline as buybacks consistently exceed dilution."}, {"calendar_year": "2029", "fcf_margin": 0.17, "fcf_margin_justification": "Operating leverage plus maturing Cloud raises FCF margin; still below FY2023–FY2024 because AI compute keeps maintenance capex elevated.", "revenue": 600303200000, "revenue_justification": "~6% growth as Cloud decelerates but remains above corporate average; assumes no severe antitrust remedy impacting defaults.", "shares_outstanding": 12040000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Continued repurchases at a steady cadence."}, {"calendar_year": "2030", "fcf_margin": 0.18, "fcf_margin_justification": "Gradual improvement as infrastructure utilization rises and SBC as % revenue continues to drift down.", "revenue": 630318400000, "revenue_justification": "~5% growth reflecting mature Services + still-growing Cloud and subscriptions.", "shares_outstanding": 11950000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "~0.75% annual share reduction as capital returns remain a priority."}, {"calendar_year": "2031", "fcf_margin": 0.185, "fcf_margin_justification": "Near-peak steady-state mid/high teens FCF margin reflecting ongoing reinvestment for moat defense.", "revenue": 655531100000, "revenue_justification": "~4% growth as Alphabet approaches mega-cap maturity; assumes incremental AI monetization offsets slower query growth.", "shares_outstanding": 11860000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Ongoing buybacks; slightly slower as valuation can be elevated but still net reducing."}, {"calendar_year": "2032", "fcf_margin": 0.19, "fcf_margin_justification": "Small expansion from better capex efficiency and continued Cloud operating margin improvements.", "revenue": 681752300000, "revenue_justification": "~4% growth supported by Cloud, YouTube, and platform pricing.", "shares_outstanding": 11780000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Share count continues to fall as long as net cash remains ample."}, {"calendar_year": "2033", "fcf_margin": 0.19, "fcf_margin_justification": "Flat as efficiency gains are reinvested in AI and security (including Wiz integration).", "revenue": 708339300000, "revenue_justification": "~3.9% growth; increasing maturity, but still above GDP due to digital shift and product iteration.", "shares_outstanding": 11700000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Net buybacks continue around ~0.7%."}, {"calendar_year": "2034", "fcf_margin": 0.19, "fcf_margin_justification": "Stable terminal approach; assumes no major structural margin compression.", "revenue": 733832900000, "revenue_justification": "~3.6% growth trending toward terminal, reflecting scale and competition.", "shares_outstanding": 11620000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Continuing gradual reduction."}, {"calendar_year": "2035", "fcf_margin": 0.19, "fcf_margin_justification": "Terminal-year margin held at 19% to reflect durable economics but sustained higher AI-related capex than pre-2025.", "revenue": 758042100000, "revenue_justification": "~3.3% growth approaching terminal steady state.", "shares_outstanding": 11540000000, "shares_outstanding_justification": "Buybacks persist but slow as firm balances reinvestment, acquisitions, and dividends."}], "terminal_growth_rate": 0.025, "terminal_growth_rate_justification": "Perpetual growth modestly above inflation and near long-run nominal GDP, consistent with a durable global platform but constrained by very large scale.", "ttm": {"calendar_year": "2026-Q3", "fcf_margin": 0.04191696844393311, "revenue": 471098000000, "shares_outstanding": 12368000000}, "values": [0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17], "variable": "discount_rate"}
[85] Grille interne de scoring Buffett
Bull Run Internal Scoring · internal · 2026-11-03
internal://buffett-score-grid